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Some ale yeasts don't do well under pressure. SO4 didn't seem to do well, I couldn't get very good attenuation. So most of my pale ales and IPA's are fermented without pressure. Honestly, the only beers I ferment with pressure are lagers.American Pales I’m guessing mid to upper 60s so I’ll set at around 10-12 psi. Of course as I do this I’ll learn and figure stuff out.
The extra pressure causes more dissolved co2 to be in solution, similar to those tall conicals at the bigger breweries. The yeast respond to the extra co2 by changing their "metabolic pathways", reducing growth along with lowering the amount of esters, high alcohols and off flavors produced by the yeast. I can't say I really understand it very well, but that doesn't mean I can't take advantage of it.
This condition is fairly well known among big breweries. As they grew in size and got taller fermenters, the hydrostatic pressure increased in the fermenters along with increased dissolved co2. This lowered the ester profile of the beers and the breweries had to modify their fermentations to compensate. Most just raised the temperature and lowered pitch rates. This is a bonus if you want really clean lagers, but it sucks for Belgian beers.
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