The temperature during active fermentation is relatively stable due to the churning of the beer. Temperature stratification is most likely to occur before and after moderate to high active fermentation. It can be 5 degrees or more depending on the situation. I brew in stainless steel now, I missed the days when I could see the beer churn. But I can tell now when the beer starts churning because I see a sudden change in the temperature. I tape a temp probe to the side of the keg, when it bumps up 2 degrees in a few hours, it's churning. Usually the middle of the fermenter is a few degrees below target. When it takes off, it jumps up fairly quickly to target temperature. When I see it drop 2-3 degrees below chamber/target temperature, it stopped churning.
Lagers don't rise much during active fermentation, but ales can jump up in temperature. That's another indication it's churning.